Question 1

Which experiment provided the first direct evidence that DNA is the genetic material responsible for inheritance in cells?

Accepted Answer

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's chemical separation and transformation experiment

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 3

If a DNA molecule has 30% adenine, what percentage of guanine would you expect according to Chargaff's rules?

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the semiconservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand

Question 5

A mutation that inserts or deletes a single nucleotide in a coding region of DNA is most likely to cause which type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 6

Which process involves the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleotides to the language of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 7

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, which radioactive label was found inside the bacterial cells after infection by bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

Radioactive phosphorus ($$^{32}P)$$

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is universal and non-overlapping, with each codon specifying one amino acid

Question 9

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon via its anticodon

Question 10

Which sequence of events correctly describes the flow of genetic information in a cell according to the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 11

A scientist isolates a virus and finds that it cannot reproduce outside of a host cell. What property does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only form phosphodiester bonds between the 3' hydroxyl group of the growing strand and the 5' phosphate of the incoming nucleotide

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the 5' cap and poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate transport of mRNA out of the nucleus and protect it from degradation

Question 14

A bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell and its DNA integrates into the host genome, being passed on to daughter cells. What is this cycle called?

Accepted Answer

Lysogenic cycle

Question 15

Which of the following processes allows bacteria to acquire new genetic material from the environment?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 16

If the DNA template strand has the sequence $$5'-ATGCGT-3'$$, what will be the sequence of the mRNA produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$3'-UACGCA-5'$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil base

Question 18

What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 19

Which of the following mutations is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

A nonsense mutation

Question 20

During translation, what happens when a stop codon is encountered by the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A tRNA carrying a release factor binds and the polypeptide is released

Molecular Biology of the Gene – Chapter 10 Study Notes

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