Q: A nutrition label states that a serving contains 10g of carbohydrates, 4g of protein, and 2g of fat. If a person eats 3 servings, how many total kilocalories (kcal) have they consumed? (Use $$4 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrates and protein, $$9 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$ for fat.)

$$(10 \times 4 + 4 \times 4 + 2 \times 9) \times 3 = 186 \ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Q: A patient is told to reduce their fat intake to less than 30% of their total calories. If they consume 2,000 kcal per day, what is the maximum number of grams of fat they should eat per day? (Use $$9 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$ for fat.)

$$\frac{0.3 \times 2000}{9} = 66.7 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 1

A nutrition label states that a serving contains 10g of carbohydrates, 4g of protein, and 2g of fat. If a person eats 3 servings, how many total kilocalories (kcal) have they consumed? (Use $$4 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$ for carbohydrates and protein, $$9 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$ for fat.)

Accepted Answer

$$(10 	imes 4 + 4 	imes 4 + 2 	imes 9) 	imes 3 = 186 \ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the nutrient composition of foods?

Accepted Answer

The color of the packaging

Question 3

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 4

A patient is told to reduce their fat intake to less than 30% of their total calories. If they consume 2,000 kcal per day, what is the maximum number of grams of fat they should eat per day? (Use $$9 \ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$ for fat.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{0.3 	imes 2000}{9} = 66.7 \ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between essential and non-essential nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Essential nutrients must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them in sufficient amounts.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide and its component monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose: glucose + fructose

Question 7

Which of the following statements about glycogen is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a highly-branched polysaccharide stored in liver and muscle cells.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why fiber is not digested in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Fiber contains beta glycosidic bonds that human digestive enzymes cannot break.

Question 9

A person with type 1 diabetes differs from a healthy individual in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Their pancreas does not produce insulin.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is used to make steroid hormones and vitamin D.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of chylomicrons?

Accepted Answer

They transport dietary lipids from the intestine to other tissues via the lymphatic system.

Question 12

Which of the following is the major site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between alpha and beta glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Alpha bonds are easily digested by human enzymes, while beta bonds are not.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a digestive enzyme and its substrate?

Accepted Answer

Amylase: starch

Question 15

A person consumes a meal high in simple sugars. Which hormone is released to help lower their blood glucose level, and from which organ?

Accepted Answer

Insulin from the pancreas

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

Accepted Answer

They provide recommended intake levels for nutrients to prevent deficiency and promote health.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of how food processing can impact nutrient content?

Accepted Answer

Canning vegetables can reduce their vitamin C content due to heat exposure.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the MyPlate dietary guideline?

Accepted Answer

Half of the plate should be filled with fruits and vegetables.

Question 20

A person with high LDL and low HDL cholesterol is at increased risk for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Nutrition and Biological Molecules: Study Notes for General Biology

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