Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between organic and inorganic compounds in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, while inorganic compounds do not always contain carbon.

Question 2

A dehydration synthesis reaction is important in forming polymers from monomers. Which equation correctly represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Monomer}_1 + \mathrm{Monomer}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Polymer} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 3

Which functional group is responsible for making alcohols hydrophilic and important in living things?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-\mathrm{OH})$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid chains are straight, allowing them to pack closely together.

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of their phospholipids. Which cell function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Formation of cell membranes

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 7

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Disaccharide} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{Monosaccharide}_1 + \mathrm{Monosaccharide}_2$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Store genetic information

Question 9

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6. $$Which class of organic molecules does this most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 10

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP delivers large amounts of energy to cells by breaking phosphate bonds.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a monomer and polymer relationship?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are monomers that join to form polypeptide polymers.

Question 13

A student adds more enzyme to a reaction but observes no increase in reaction rate. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The substrate concentration is too low; all substrate is already bound.

Question 14

Which of the following is a property of unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

They contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, making them easier to break down.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids have a central carbon attached to a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a variable R group.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are substrate specific?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme's active site matches the shape of the substrate.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids store and transfer genetic information.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a condensation reaction?

Accepted Answer

A chemical reaction in which two monomers are joined together by removing water.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the effect of pH on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Each enzyme operates best within a specific pH range; outside this range, the enzyme may become non-functional.

Organic Molecules and Biochemistry: Study Notes for General Biology

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