Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and chromosomes in diploid cells?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, and each chromosome contains one version of a gene (one allele).

Question 2

A couple, both carriers for sickle cell trait (genotype HbA/HbS), are planning to have a child. What is the probability that their child will have sickle cell disease (HbS/HbS)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with AB blood type expressing both A and B antigens equally.

Question 4

In a paternity case, the mother is blood type A, the child is type O, and the alleged father is type AB. Can the alleged father be the biological father?

Accepted Answer

No, because a type AB father cannot produce a type O child.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why most recessive inherited diseases are not evenly distributed in a population?

Accepted Answer

Recessive alleles can be hidden in carriers and may be more common in certain populations due to genetic drift or founder effects.

Question 6

A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) marries a man with a normal genotype. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene causing multiple symptoms, such as sickle cell disease affecting blood, spleen, and bones.

Question 8

If a disease is autosomal dominant, what is the probability that a child will inherit the disease if one parent is heterozygous affected and the other is unaffected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A trait is influenced by multiple genes, each contributing a small effect, such as height or skin color.

Question 10

A couple, both carriers for Tay-Sachs disease (autosomal recessive), have a child. What is the probability that their next child will also have Tay-Sachs disease?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about X-linked dominant inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Affected fathers will pass the trait to all their daughters but none of their sons.

Question 12

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in both sexes with equal frequency, skips generations, and affected offspring are usually born to unaffected parents. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 13

Which of the following best describes Mendel's law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 14

A woman with genotype XHXh (carrier for hemophilia) and a man with genotype XHY have a daughter. What is the probability that the daughter will be a carrier?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of autosomal dominant inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Trait tends to skip generations.

Question 16

If a man with genotype XHY (normal) and a woman with genotype XhXh (hemophilia) have children, what is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$$1$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why consanguineous marriages increase the chance of recessive genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Relatives are more likely to carry the same recessive alleles, increasing the chance of homozygosity in offspring.

Question 18

A man with Huntington's disease (autosomal dominant, genotype Hh) and a woman without the disease (hh) have a child. What is the probability that the child will develop Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers producing pink flowers.

Question 20

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate so that each gamete receives:

Accepted Answer

One allele for each gene.

Patterns of Inheritance and Human Genetics: Guided Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드