Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates an atelic activity, according to the telic/atelic distinction?

Accepted Answer

Listening to music for enjoyment.

Question 2

According to Scruton's argument for conscientious carnivorism, which of the following is a key premise?

Accepted Answer

Raising animals for food benefits animals, provided it is done conscientiously.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of the 'slippery slope' fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Arguing that if we allow vegetarianism, soon all animal products will be banned.

Question 4

Singer's argument for vegetarianism is based primarily on which ethical principle?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism: minimizing suffering for all beings.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a 'valid argument'?

Accepted Answer

An argument in which, if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

Question 6

A person argues, 'Either we stigmatize obesity, or obesity rates will skyrocket.' Which fallacy does this most likely commit?

Accepted Answer

False dilemma

Question 7

According to the deprivation account of the badness of death, why is death bad for the one who dies?

Accepted Answer

Because it deprives the individual of future goods they would have experienced.

Question 8

Which of the following is a critical question for utilitarian arguments about eating meat?

Accepted Answer

Are pleasure and pain really the foundation of morality?

Question 9

Suppose a person claims, 'Most people eat meat, so it must be morally acceptable.' This is an example of which fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Appeal to popularity (ad populum)

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates an instrumental (non-intrinsic) value?

Accepted Answer

Money

Question 11

If a reconstructed argument about fat stigma concludes that 'stigmatizing fatness is justified because it motivates healthy behavior,' which ethical framework is primarily being used?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarian (consequentialist)

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between Scruton and Singer's views on eating meat?

Accepted Answer

Scruton allows for conscientious meat-eating; Singer argues it is rarely justified due to suffering.

Question 13

A person argues, 'If we allow people to eat meat, soon all animal rights will be ignored, and animal cruelty will increase.' Which fallacy is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Slippery slope

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'equality of consideration' in Singer's argument?

Accepted Answer

Giving equal weight to the interests of all beings affected by an action.

Question 15

Suppose empirical evidence shows that fat stigma increases health problems rather than reducing obesity rates. According to a consequentialist, what should be concluded?

Accepted Answer

Fat stigma is not justified because it causes more harm than good.

Question 16

Which of the following best applies the deprivation account to the death of a mature farm animal?

Accepted Answer

The animal's death is bad to the extent that it is deprived of future goods it would have experienced.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a non-instrumental (intrinsic) value?

Accepted Answer

Happiness

Question 18

If someone argues that 'eating meat is justified because it is a long-standing tradition,' which critical thinking question should be asked?

Accepted Answer

Does the tradition itself provide moral justification, or is further reasoning needed?

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the 'straw man' fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Attacking a weaker, misrepresented version of an opponent's argument.

Question 20

Suppose a person claims, 'Death is not bad for the one who dies because they do not experience it.' Which philosophical view does this statement most closely align with?

Accepted Answer

The view that death is only bad if experienced as bad (Epicurean view)

Philosophical Reasoning and Ethics: Toolbox and Applications

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