Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall equation for photosynthesis as presented in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

$$ CO_2$ + H_2O + ATP \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + O_2$ $$

Question 2

A plant appears green to the human eye. Based on the properties of pigments described, which wavelengths of light are primarily absorbed by chlorophyll a and b?

Accepted Answer

Red and blue wavelengths

Question 3

Carotenoids play a protective role in plants. Which of the following best explains how carotenoids protect plants during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

They absorb blue and green light, reflecting orange, yellow, and red light, thus protecting the plant from excess light energy.

Question 4

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which molecule is produced by photosystem I and acts as an electron carrier?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the main steps of the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

Fixation, reduction, regeneration

Question 6

A scientist is studying a cell that has a single, circular DNA molecule and plasmids. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA wrapped around histone proteins

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 9

A duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. At which structure are these chromatids joined?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Question 10

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of mitosis in order?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 11

If a cell has 8 centromeres during metaphase, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis is complete?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 12

Which event occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Question 13

A mutation prevents the formation of kinetochores in a dividing cell. What is the most likely consequence during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules cannot attach to chromosomes, so sister chromatids will not separate properly

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why plants are green, based on the properties of their pigments?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light

Question 15

During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis by producing proteins and organelles necessary for division?

Accepted Answer

G2 phase

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct product of the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

Question 17

A researcher disrupts the electron transport chain in photosystem II. What immediate effect would this have on the plant cell's ability to perform photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

The cell would be unable to produce ATP via the light-dependent reactions

Question 18

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA is single, circular, and may have plasmids; eukaryotic DNA is long, linear, and double helix

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the centromere during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where sister chromatids are joined and where microtubules attach to pull chromatids apart

Question 20

A cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, with spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Photosynthesis and Cell Division: Key Concepts in General Biology

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