Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic organisms?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 3

Which process in cellular respiration directly produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Question 4

In photosynthesis, what is the overall balanced equation for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow 6O_2 + C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

Rubisco (Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxidase)

Question 6

What is the main purpose of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To generate ATP and NADPH for the Calvin Cycle

Question 7

Which of the following statements best explains why plants need mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are required for ATP production in non-photosynthetic cells and tissues

Question 8

During fermentation in animal cells, which molecule is regenerated to allow glycolysis to continue?

Accepted Answer

NAD$$^+$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct comparison between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces oxygen as a byproduct, while respiration consumes oxygen

Question 10

If a plant is placed in the dark, which process will continue to occur in its cells?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP using the energy from a proton gradient

Question 12

In the photosynthetic electron transport chain, what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

NADP$$^+$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a product of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 14

A mutation causes Rubisco to lose its ability to distinguish between CO$$_2$$ and O$$_2. $$What is the most likely consequence for the plant?

Accepted Answer

Increased photorespiration and decreased sugar production

Question 15

Which of the following processes occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Calvin Cycle (carbon fixation reactions)

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about fermentation?

Accepted Answer

It allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD$$^+$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct input to the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 18

A scientist measures the pH inside the thylakoid lumen and finds it to be much lower than in the stroma. What does this indicate about the activity in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

The photosynthetic electron transport chain is actively pumping protons

Question 19

Which of the following is a similarity between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both generate ATP using a proton gradient across a membrane

Question 20

If a plant cell is unable to produce NADPH, which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Calvin Cycle (carbon fixation)

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Core Concepts for BIOL116

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