$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP energy}$$

They provide energy and electrons to convert $$\text{CO}_2$$ into glucose.

Question 1

Which of the following correctly represents the overall equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6 	ext{CO}_2 + 6 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP energy}$$

Question 2

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which molecule acts as the initial electron donor?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$	ext{H}_2	ext{O})$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

They provide energy and electrons to convert $$	ext{CO}_2$$ into glucose.

Question 4

Where in the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin Cycle occur, respectively?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane; Stroma

Question 5

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 6

What is the main purpose of the H$$^+$$ concentration gradient established during the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To drive the production of ATP via ATP synthase

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of a redox reaction in the context of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

Question 8

How many net ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 9

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 10

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows cells to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 11

Which of the following is a product of alcoholic fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 12

Why is oxygen essential as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It allows the regeneration of NAD$$^+$$ and FAD, enabling continued ATP production.

Question 13

Which phase of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 14

What is the primary function of pyruvic acid in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It is the end product of glycolysis and is used to start the Citric Acid Cycle.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the importance of NADH 'dumping' electrons in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It provides electrons that help establish the proton gradient needed for ATP synthesis.

Question 16

Which of the following organisms require cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

All eukaryotic organisms

Question 17

What is phosphorylation, and what provides the energy for this process during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

The addition of a phosphate group to ADP, powered by the flow of H$$^+$$ ions through ATP synthase

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Citric Acid Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 19

A student performs the floating spinach disk experiment. Which observation would best indicate that photosynthesis is occurring?

Accepted Answer

The disks float to the surface as oxygen is produced.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between hydrolysis and ATP phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP releases energy, while phosphorylation of ADP stores energy.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Study Guide – General Biology

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