Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the energy cycle of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic glucose, while cellular respiration breaks down glucose to release carbon dioxide and energy.

Question 2

Which chemical equation correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 3

Which of the following organisms is classified as a photoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

A multicellular alga living in a pond

Question 4

What is carbon fixation, and which group of organisms is primarily responsible for this process in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of inorganic carbon into organic carbon, performed mainly by autotrophs

Question 5

Which of the following statements about organic and inorganic molecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules always contain C-H bonds, while inorganic molecules do not.

Question 6

A student adds phenol red to a solution and observes that it turns yellow. What does this indicate about the solution's pH and the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic, with a high concentration of $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of nonliving organic material, such as dead leaves and wood, and the release of nutrients back into the ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of a heterotroph?

Accepted Answer

An organism that obtains organic molecules by consuming other organisms

Question 9

During cellular respiration, which molecule is used as a reactant and which are the products?

Accepted Answer

Reactant: $$C_6H_{12}O_6$; Products: 6CO_2$ and 6H_2O$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why fungi are considered heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

They absorb nutrients from living and nonliving organic material.

Question 11

If the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions in a solution increases, what happens to the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of a detritus feeder?

Accepted Answer

An earthworm consuming decaying leaves

Question 13

What is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

To break down dead organic material and recycle nutrients

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process that allows autotrophs to convert inorganic carbon into organic carbon?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fixation during photosynthesis

Question 15

A plant is placed in a sealed container with water and exposed to sunlight. Over time, the oxygen concentration inside the container increases. Which process is responsible for this change?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 16

Which of the following equations represents the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 18

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

A base increases the concentration of $$OH^-$$ ions in a solution.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why life would cease without decomposition?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients would not be recycled, leading to depletion of essential elements.

Question 20

A scientist observes that the pH of a solution drops from 7 to 5 after adding a certain substance. What can be concluded about the substance?

Accepted Answer

It is an acid that increases $$H^+$$ concentration.

Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and the Carbon Cycle: Study Notes for General Biology

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