Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Cyclic photophosphorylation produces only ATP and involves electrons cycling back to Photosystem I, while non-cyclic produces both ATP and NADPH with electrons moving from water to NADP$$^+.$$

Question 2

During non-cyclic photophosphorylation, what is the source of electrons that are ultimately transferred to NADP$$^+$$?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 3

If cyclic photophosphorylation is inhibited in a plant cell, which molecule would the cell run out of first during the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 4

Which photosystem(s) are involved in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Both Photosystem I and Photosystem II

Question 5

What is the final electron acceptor in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

NADP$$^+$$

Question 6

In cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons are transferred from ferredoxin back to which component?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome complex

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the splitting of water during non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2O \rightarrow 4H^+ + 4e^- + O_2$

Question 8

Why does the cell require more ATP than NADPH during the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin Cycle consumes more ATP than NADPH for carbon fixation and sugar synthesis.

Question 9

Which process produces oxygen as a byproduct, and from which molecule do the oxygen atoms originate?

Accepted Answer

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation; from water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cyclic photophosphorylation does not produce NADPH?

Accepted Answer

Electrons cycle back to Photosystem I instead of being transferred to NADP$$^+.$$

Question 11

A mutation disables Photosystem II in a plant. Which of the following would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Production of oxygen ($$O_2) $$and NADPH via non-cyclic photophosphorylation

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of electron flow in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Water $$\rightarrow$$ Photosystem II $$\rightarrow$$ Cytochrome complex $$\rightarrow$$ Photosystem I $$\rightarrow$$ NADP$$^+$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the location of cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation occurs in thylakoid membranes containing both Photosystem I and II, while cyclic occurs in regions with only Photosystem I.

Question 14

Which molecule acts as the electron carrier between Photosystem II and Photosystem I in non-cyclic photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Plastocyanin (PC)

Question 15

In the context of photophosphorylation, what is the role of the proton-motive force?

Accepted Answer

It powers ATP synthase to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate ($$P_i) $$into ATP.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the fate of electrons in cyclic photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Electrons cycle back to Photosystem I after passing through the electron transport chain.

Question 17

A researcher measures the production of ATP and NADPH in a chloroplast. If only cyclic photophosphorylation is active, which result would they observe?

Accepted Answer

Only ATP is produced; NADPH is not produced.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a plant cell running out of ATP during the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

The cell will be unable to fix carbon dioxide into sugars.

Question 19

Which equation correctly represents the formation of ATP during photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

$$ADP + P_i \rightarrow ATP$$

Photosynthesis: Cyclic and Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation

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