Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of autotrophs in the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

They produce organic molecules from inorganic substances using energy from sunlight or chemicals.

Question 2

Which chemical equation correctly represents photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 3

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, what is the primary function of photosystem II?

Accepted Answer

To split water molecules and release oxygen

Question 4

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the linear electron flow of the light reactions?

Accepted Answer

NADP$$^+$$

Question 5

What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To convert CO$$_2$$ into organic sugars using ATP and NADPH

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Rubisco

Question 7

If three molecules of CO$$_2$$ enter the Calvin cycle, how many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are produced?

Accepted Answer

One

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a alone underestimates the effectiveness of certain wavelengths in driving photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Other pigments such as chlorophyll b and carotenoids also absorb light and contribute to photosynthesis.

Question 9

Which statement about chemiosmosis in photosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis involves the movement of protons across a membrane to generate ATP.

Question 10

What is photorespiration, and why can it be problematic for plants in hot, arid climates?

Accepted Answer

It is a process where Rubisco binds O$$_2$$ instead of CO$$_2$$, leading to loss of fixed carbon and energy.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between chemiosmosis in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

In photosynthesis, the proton gradient is generated by splitting water; in respiration, it is generated by oxidation of organic molecules.

Question 12

Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength and the highest energy?

Accepted Answer

Violet

Question 13

Why did oxygen not accumulate in the atmosphere until cyclic electron flow evolved in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Cyclic electron flow does not produce oxygen, so oxygen only accumulated after linear electron flow evolved.

Question 14

In the light reactions, what is the source of electrons for photosystem II?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions that is used in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 16

What is the function of the enzyme NADP$$^+$$ reductase in the light reactions?

Accepted Answer

It transfers electrons and H$$^+ to $$NADP$$^+ to $$form NADPH.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key adaptation in C$$_4$$ plants that helps minimize photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

They spatially separate carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle in different cell types.

Question 18

During the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle, which molecule donates electrons?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between wavelength and energy in the visible spectrum?

Accepted Answer

Shorter wavelengths have higher energy.

Question 20

In the context of photosynthesis, what is the role of the primary electron acceptor in the reaction-center complex?

Accepted Answer

It transfers excited electrons from chlorophyll to the electron transport chain.

Photosynthesis: Mechanisms, Pathways, and Evolutionary Adaptations

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드