Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water can move upward through the xylem of tall trees, sometimes over 100 meters high?

Accepted Answer

The cohesion-tension theory, which relies on the cohesive and adhesive properties of water and the tension created by transpiration at the leaf surface, enables water to move upward.

Question 2

Which plant tissue system is primarily responsible for photosynthesis, storage, and support within the plant?

Accepted Answer

Ground tissue system

Question 3

A plant cell is placed in a solution with a water potential ($$\Psi_w) of$$ $$-0.5$$ MPa. The cell’s internal water potential is $$-0.7$$ MPa. What will happen to the water movement?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell because the solution has a higher water potential.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of the cuticle in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

Prevents excessive water loss by acting as a waterproof barrier

Question 5

Which of the following statements about xylem and phloem is correct?

Accepted Answer

Xylem transports water and minerals upward, while phloem transports sugars in multiple directions.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of stomata in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

They regulate gas exchange and water loss by opening and closing.

Question 7

A tree ring is wider in some years and narrower in others. What does this variation most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Wider rings indicate years with more water availability, while narrower rings indicate drought years.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is essential for its movement in plants?

Accepted Answer

Ability to dissolve nonpolar molecules

Question 9

Which cell type in the xylem is primarily responsible for water transport in angiosperms and is characterized by being short, wide, and having perforations?

Accepted Answer

Vessel elements

Question 10

What is the main function of companion cells in the phloem?

Accepted Answer

To assist sieve tube elements by providing metabolic support

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from regions of low solute concentration to regions of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 12

Which meristem is responsible for the increase in girth (thickness) of woody plants?

Accepted Answer

Lateral meristem (vascular cambium and cork cambium)

Question 13

A plant’s water potential ($$\Psi_w) is $$determined by which of the following equation?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi_w = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 14

Which of the following adaptations would you expect to find in a xerophyte (a plant adapted to dry environments)?

Accepted Answer

Thick cuticle and sunken stomata

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why plants lose so much water through transpiration during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

The concentration gradient driving water vapor loss is much greater than that driving CO$$_2$$ entry.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct match between a plant tissue and its function?

Accepted Answer

Sclerenchyma – mechanical support

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the structure of water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between the partially positive hydrogen of one water molecule and the partially negative oxygen of another.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of the polarity of water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water exhibits high cohesion and surface tension.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the vascular cambium in secondary growth?

Accepted Answer

It produces secondary xylem toward the inside and secondary phloem toward the outside.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why water moves from the soil into the root hairs of a plant?

Accepted Answer

The water potential in the root hairs is lower (more negative) than in the soil, causing water to move in by osmosis.

Ch.34/35 Plant Form, Function, and Water Transport: Structure and Physiology of Land Plants

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