Question 1

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

The gradual adaptation of a population to its environment

Question 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding species concepts?

Accepted Answer

The morphological species concept relies upon identifying phenotypic diversity and comparing the nucleotides of genes

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of temporal isolation as a reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Two populations of frogs breed at different times of the year

Question 4

Which type of reproductive barrier prevents two species that occasionally mate but in whom the sperm do not produce the right enzymes to enter the egg?

Accepted Answer

Gametic isolation

Question 5

Two species interbreed occasionally and produce vigorous, fertile hybrids. When the hybrids breed with each other or with either parent species, however, the offspring are feeble or sterile. These species are separated by which type of barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid breakdown

Question 6

Which of the following prevents closely related species from interbreeding even when their ranges overlap?

Accepted Answer

Reproductive barriers

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a hybrid that is both vigorous and sterile?

Accepted Answer

A mule

Question 8

The Monterey pine and Bishop's pine inhabit some of the same areas of central California. The Monterey pine releases pollen in February, while the Bishop's pine does so in April. This is an example of ________ isolation.

Accepted Answer

Temporal

Question 9

The likelihood of allopatric speciation increases when a population is ________ and the border range of the species is ________.

Accepted Answer

Small ... isolated from

Question 10

An evolutionary event divides a freshwater snail species into two isolated populations. Erosion eventually lowers the range and brings the two populations together again, but when they mate, the resulting hybrids all produce sterile young. This scenario is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 11

Which of the following situations would be most conducive to rapid speciation? (Assume the conditions described persist as long as necessary.)

Accepted Answer

A hurricane splits a population of birds on an island, and the two groups are isolated for many generations

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a polyploid plant?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are polyploid plants

Question 13

Which of the following is FALSE regarding polyploidy?

Accepted Answer

Bread wheat is the ancestral diploid wheat plant

Question 14

The emergence of many diverse species from a common ancestor is called:

Accepted Answer

Adaptive radiation

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the Galápagos finches is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Each island in the Galápagos chain has one and only one isolated, unique species of Darwin's finch

Question 16

Sympatric speciation commonly occurs through ________ in plants, but is more likely to occur through ________ in animals.

Accepted Answer

Self-pollination ... polyploidy and other genetic mechanisms

Question 17

In a hybrid zone, ________ can occur if the reproductive barrier between two species is weak, as seen among cichlids in the murky waters of modern Lake Victoria.

Accepted Answer

Fusion

Question 18

Which of the following best represents the gradualism model of speciation?

Accepted Answer

Speciation occurs as a result of the accumulation of many small changes

Question 19

The emergence of a new plant species over a brief period of time, followed by a long period of little change, is consistent with which of the following theories?

Accepted Answer

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 20

Which of the following is a key observation of the punctuated equilibrium model?

Accepted Answer

New species tend to be rare and certain common fossil species remain unchanged for long time spans

Question 21

The fossil record shows that for many plant and animal groups, the time between speciation events:

Accepted Answer

Varies greatly, but averages 6.5 million years

Speciation and Macroevolution: Mechanisms, Barriers, and Patterns

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