Question 1

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose, even though it is made of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the beta-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a molecule composed of a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Which type of biological macromolecule does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 3

Which level of protein structure is directly responsible for the formation of alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Forming the structural basis of cell membranes

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder affecting hemoglobin. Which macromolecule is most likely involved, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Protein; transport of oxygen

Question 6

Which bond type is responsible for linking monosaccharides together in polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the monomer to its macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid — Protein

Question 8

A mutation changes the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 9

Which macromolecule is most directly involved in regulating gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct chemical formula for a typical carbohydrate monomer?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature.

Question 12

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins (enzymes)

Question 13

A researcher isolates a molecule with the following structure: four fused carbon rings. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of protein structural levels from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Question 15

Which type of bond links nucleotides together in a strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 16

Which macromolecule is the main component of plant cell walls and provides structural support?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose (a carbohydrate)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of RNA in cells?

Accepted Answer

Transmits genetic instructions and directs protein synthesis

Question 18

A nutritionist recommends honey and salt for a quick energy boost. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for this effect?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates (glucose and fructose)

Question 19

Which element is found in all proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen ($$\mathrm{N})$$

Question 20

Which macromolecule is most directly involved in cell signaling through hormones such as insulin and testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids

Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

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