Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and hydrolysis in the context of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions build polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks down polymers by adding water.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of collagen in connective tissue. Which level of protein structure is most likely directly affected by a mutation that changes the amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches a biological macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 5

Which polysaccharide is used by plants for energy storage and is composed of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 6

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. She observes that at high temperatures, the enzyme loses its function. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme is denatured, losing its three-dimensional shape.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleic acid and its function?

Accepted Answer

DNA – stores genetic information and instructions for cell function

Question 10

A researcher discovers a new polymer in a plant cell that is composed of repeating units of N-acetylglucosamine. Which biological molecule has she most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides via a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of steroid molecules in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulating physiological processes such as metabolism and reproduction

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA nucleotides contain deoxyribose sugar, while RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugar.

Question 14

A mutation changes a hydrophobic amino acid in the interior of a protein to a hydrophilic one. What is the most likely effect on the protein's tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

The protein may lose its proper folding due to disruption of hydrophobic interactions.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It is formed by the interaction of two or more polypeptide chains.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, while starch can?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the beta-glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its function?

Accepted Answer

Proteins – catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

A repeating sequence of sugars and phosphates joined by covalent bonds

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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