Q: During protein synthesis, which sequence of events correctly describes the flow of genetic information?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following structures is considered an organelle in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new cell structure that is made of RNA and is not surrounded by a membrane. Based on this information, which of the following is the most likely identity of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and initial folding

Question 4

During protein synthesis, which sequence of events correctly describes the flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 5

A mutation prevents the formation of vesicles in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport and packaging of proteins

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for converting sugars into usable energy in the form of ATP in all eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A plant cell is placed in a solution with a high concentration of salt. Which organelle or structure will help the cell maintain its shape despite water loss?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein packaging

Question 9

A genetic disorder causes a defect in the nucleolus. Which cellular process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome subunit production

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why ribosomes are not considered organelles?

Accepted Answer

They lack a surrounding membrane

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall made of cellulose, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 12

Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for maintaining the 3D shape of a cell and enabling movement of organelles within the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 13

If a eukaryotic cell could not produce functional Golgi apparatus, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Proteins would not be properly modified and packaged for transport

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a non-organelle structure and its main component?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton – protein

Question 15

A researcher is studying a cell that lacks mitochondria but still produces ATP. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The cell is a prokaryote and uses the plasma membrane for ATP production

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between chloroplasts and mitochondria in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts convert sunlight into sugars, which mitochondria then convert into ATP

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not

Question 18

A cell is unable to detoxify drugs and poisons efficiently. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why animal cells do not have large central vacuoles?

Accepted Answer

Large central vacuoles are primarily for maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to produce proteins that are not properly folded. Which step in the protein production pathway is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Folding and packaging in the rough ER and Golgi apparatus

Study Notes: Introduction to Cells and Organelles (BIOL 1103, Section 2.1)

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