Question 1

Which of the following is a major advantage of cells being small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing for more efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with no nucleus, circular DNA, and ribosomes. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of cellular waste

Question 5

Which structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells, and is important for maintaining cell shape and preventing osmotic bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 6

Which type of microscopy would be most appropriate for observing the detailed internal structure of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy

Question 7

What is the main function of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating cell movement and shape changes

Question 8

Which organelle in plant cells serves a similar function to lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but lacks membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus: Storage of genetic information

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal structure is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 12

If a cell's Golgi apparatus is damaged, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and sorting

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 14

Which equation best represents the relationship between surface area ($$A) $$and volume ($$V) $$for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4\pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3}\pi $$r^3$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 16

A mutation causes a cell to lack intermediate filaments. Which cellular function would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell shape and mechanical stability

Question 17

Which organelle is directly involved in the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing DNA.

Question 19

Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of harmful substances in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Study Notes: The Cell (BIO 121/ Campbell, Chapter 6)

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