Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the accurate duplication and division of cellular components, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the result of this process?

Accepted Answer

S phase; each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids

Question 3

A nerve cell in an adult human is unlikely to divide again after it matures. In which phase of the cell cycle would you expect to find this cell?

Accepted Answer

G0 phase

Question 4

What is the primary function of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

To check for DNA damage before DNA replication

Question 5

Which of the following statements about apoptosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a normal, programmed cell death that prevents the propagation of damaged cells

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the number of chromosomes in a species does not correlate with the organism's complexity?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome number is a characteristic of each species and does not necessarily relate to complexity

Question 7

In humans, what is the diploid number ($$2n) $$and what does it represent?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$; two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 8

Which of the following events occurs during metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell

Question 9

A researcher observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the center and spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which checkpoint is the cell about to pass?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis in eukaryotes and binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves the division of a nucleus, while binary fission does not

Question 11

During which stage of mitosis do the centromeres dissolve and sister chromatids separate to become daughter chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 12

What is the role of cyclins in the regulation of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They are internal proteins whose concentration fluctuates to control progression through checkpoints

Question 13

A mutation causes a cell to skip the G2 checkpoint. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may enter mitosis with unreplicated or damaged DNA

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleosome?

Accepted Answer

DNA wound around a core of eight histone proteins

Question 15

If a human cell in G2 phase is observed under a microscope, how many chromatids would be present?

Accepted Answer

$$92$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 17

A plant cell is observed forming a cell plate during division. Which process is this cell undergoing?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis following mitosis

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios would most likely trigger apoptosis in a cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell detects irreparable DNA damage at a checkpoint

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why each daughter cell produced by mitosis is genetically identical to the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated during S phase, and sister chromatids are separated equally during mitosis

Question 20

A bacterial cell divides every 20 minutes by binary fission. If you start with a single E. coli cell, how many cells will there be after 2 hours, assuming no cell death?

Accepted Answer

$$2^6 = 64$

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Structure, Function, and Comparison with Prokaryotic Division

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