Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To enable growth, repair, and maintenance by producing genetically identical daughter cells

Question 2

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After DNA replication but before mitosis, how many chromatids are present in the cell?

Accepted Answer

$$92$$

Question 3

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 5

If a chicken has 78 chromosomes in its somatic cells, how many chromosomes are present in each of its gametes?

Accepted Answer

$$39$$

Question 6

Which of the following events distinguishes anaphase of mitosis from other phases?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles

Question 7

In plant cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by the formation of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate

Question 8

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the parent cell

Question 9

Binary fission in bacteria differs from mitosis in eukaryotes in that:

Accepted Answer

Binary fission does not involve the condensation of chromatin

Question 10

A mutation disrupts the function of motor proteins at the kinetochores during mitosis. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids during anaphase

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction leads to greater genetic variation than asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction involves the random assortment of chromosomes and crossing over during meiosis

Question 12

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes become aligned at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a contractile ring of actin filaments forming at its equator. This cell is most likely undergoing:

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis in an animal cell

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the chromosome number in the life cycle of sexually reproducing species?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization restores the diploid chromosome number

Question 15

If a mutation caused the cohesin proteins to be nonfunctional, what would most likely happen during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids would not stay together after DNA replication

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the kinetochore during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where spindle fibers attach to chromosomes

Question 17

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with chromosomes that are highly condensed, the nuclear envelope is breaking down, and spindle fibers are attaching to kinetochores. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of the process of mitosis and cytokinesis in a multicellular organism?

Accepted Answer

Formation of two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the mitotic spindle is essential for cell division?

Accepted Answer

It ensures equal distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells

Question 20

A researcher treats dividing cells with a drug that prevents microtubule depolymerization. What is the most likely effect on mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids will not separate during anaphase

The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis: Key Concepts and Processes

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