Question 1

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a structure that is less dense than liquid water.

Question 2

A nitrogen atom has 7 protons and 9 neutrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 7, Mass number: 16

Question 3

Which property of water allows sweat to cool your skin after a workout?

Accepted Answer

Evaporative cooling due to hydrogen bonding

Question 4

What type of chemical bond is formed when one atom transfers an electron to another atom?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the chemical reaction that leads to ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A substance that minimizes changes in pH.

Question 7

Why is water considered the 'solvent of life'?

Accepted Answer

Because its polarity allows it to dissolve many substances.

Question 8

Which of the following is a trace element commonly added to municipal water to prevent disease?

Accepted Answer

Fluoride

Question 9

What is the main consequence of ocean acidification for coral reefs?

Accepted Answer

Reduced availability of carbonate ions for skeleton formation.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about isotopes of an element?

Accepted Answer

They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 12

Which property of water is most directly responsible for the formation of droplets on your skin after sweating?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion due to hydrogen bonding

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why salt (NaCl) dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

The positive and negative regions of water molecules surround and separate the Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-$$ ions.

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the formation of bicarbonate ions during ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

$$H^+ + CO_3$^{2-} \rightarrow $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a life-supporting property of water?

Accepted Answer

Water forms ionic bonds with most solutes.

Question 16

A controlled experiment on coral reefs measured the effect of carbonate ion concentration on calcification rate. What is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Carbonate ion concentration

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the process $$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$ in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

Lowered ocean pH, leading to ocean acidification.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about chemical reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemical reactions rearrange matter by breaking and forming bonds.

The Chemical Basis of Life: Elements, Atoms, and Compounds

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