Question 1

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and cytokinesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 2

A mutation in the gene encoding nuclear lamins can lead to progeria, a disease characterized by premature aging. What is the primary function of nuclear lamins?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support to the nuclear envelope

Question 3

Microtubules are dynamic structures that exhibit rapid growth and shrinkage. Which nucleotide is required for microtubule polymerization?

Accepted Answer

GTP

Question 4

Which cytoskeletal element is composed of coiled coil dimers, lacks structural polarity, and is known for its mechanical strength?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 5

During cell division, which cytoskeletal element forms the mitotic spindle responsible for chromosome separation?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 6

Which motor protein 'walks' along microtubules, using ATP hydrolysis, to transport vesicles toward the plus end?

Accepted Answer

Kinesin

Question 7

The axoneme of eukaryotic cilia and flagella is characterized by which microtubule arrangement?

Accepted Answer

“9 + 2” arrangement

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal element is the thinnest, has structural polarity, and can form bundles or cross-linked networks?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 9

What is the primary function of actin–myosin interactions in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic streaming

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal element resists compression and provides tracks for intracellular transport?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

A cell is observed to have defective vesicle transport along microtubules. Which protein is most likely mutated?

Accepted Answer

Kinesin

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal element is anchored at the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and grows outward from the plus end?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 13

Keratin is a type of intermediate filament found in hair, claws, and fingernails. What property makes intermediate filaments suitable for these structures?

Accepted Answer

Toughness and durability

Question 14

Which cytoskeletal element is involved in cytokinesis in animal cells by drawing the membrane inward?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 15

Dynamic instability is a property of microtubules. What does this term refer to?

Accepted Answer

Rapid shrinking and regrowth of microtubules

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal element is NOT involved in cell movement but provides structural support and mechanical strength?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 17

In a scenario where a cell needs to move its organelles rapidly from the center to the periphery, which cytoskeletal element and associated motor protein are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules and kinesin

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal element is made of α-tubulin and β-tubulin heterodimers?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 19

A scientist observes a cell with impaired cilia movement. Which cytoskeletal element and motor protein are most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules and dynein

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal element is involved in cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells, and what is the energy source for this process?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments; ATP

The Cytoskeleton: Structure and Function Inside the Cell

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