$$3\ Na^+\ \text{out} : 2\ K^+\ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the nervous system in humans?

Accepted Answer

To receive sensory input, interpret it, and generate appropriate commands for response.

Question 2

Which organ system is directly responsible for rapid communication and coordination of body activities?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system

Question 3

What is the main function of sensory neurons?

Accepted Answer

To convey signals from the environment to the central nervous system.

Question 4

Which part of a neuron receives external stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 5

During the propagation of an action potential, which ions rush into the neuron, causing depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions ($$Na^+)$$

Question 6

What is the role of the Na/K pump in maintaining the resting potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It pumps $$Na^+$$ out and $$K^+$$ into the neuron, maintaining a negative charge inside.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated neurons transmit signals faster than unmyelinated neurons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier, speeding up transmission.

Question 8

A patient is unable to move their arm after touching a hot surface, but can still feel pain. Which type of neuron is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood regulation and the 'feel good' sensation?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 11

What is the correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting potential → Depolarization → Repolarization → Hyperpolarization

Question 12

If the resting membrane potential of a neuron is $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$, what happens to the membrane potential during depolarization?

Accepted Answer

It becomes less negative (moves toward zero or positive).

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

They connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.

Question 14

A reflex action, such as quickly withdrawing your hand from a hot object, is best described as:

Accepted Answer

An involuntary response processed by the spinal cord.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Producing digestive enzymes

Question 16

Which equation best represents the activity of the Na/K pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ Na^+\ 	ext{out} : 2\ K^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 17

Which scenario best illustrates the integration of sensory input and motor output by the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Swatting a mosquito after feeling it land on your skin.

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the role of chemical synapses in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They enable complex information processing by transmitting signals via neurotransmitters.

Question 20

A person experiences a sudden mood change after taking a medication that increases serotonin levels. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Mood regulation

The Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Neurotransmission

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