Q: Which equation best represents the process occurring in mitochondria?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which organelle is depicted in the image, and what is its primary function in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; it generates ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 2

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have free ribosomes and circular DNA, similar to bacteria.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of protein synthesis for proteins destined for secretion or membrane insertion.

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear pores in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of most steroid hormones in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 6

If a cell's Golgi apparatus is nonfunctional, which process would be most disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Sorting and secretion of proteins.

Question 7

Which equation best represents the process occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion.

Question 9

A cell is observed to have an abundance of lysosomes. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and breakdown of macromolecules and cellular debris.

Question 10

Which structure is continuous with the nuclear envelope and is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 11

Which organelle is found only in plant cells and is the site of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered semiautonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and can reproduce independently within the cell.

Question 13

A scientist discovers a cell with circular DNA, free ribosomes, and the ability to reproduce independently. Which organelle is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

Which process would be most affected if the inner membrane of the mitochondrion were damaged?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein processing, sorting, and secretion.

Question 16

Which organelle stores water, pigments, and inorganic ions in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Question 17

A cell is unable to detoxify reactive peroxides. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information from the nucleus to protein secretion?

Accepted Answer

DNA in nucleus $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ ribosome on RER $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ plasma membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

The Nucleus, Endomembrane System, and Semiautonomous Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells

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