$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which property of the plasma membrane allows it to regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 3

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

What is the main function of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitate the diffusion of water

Question 5

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can change form but cannot be created or destroyed

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions

Question 8

A cell is exposed to a noncompetitive inhibitor. What is the most likely effect on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds elsewhere, changing the enzyme's shape and reducing activity

Question 9

Which process is responsible for the engulfment of large particles by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink

Question 11

Which term describes the tendency of particles to spread out evenly in an available space?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme involved earlier in the pathway

Question 13

Which statement about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses transport proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient

Question 14

A poison blocks the active site of an enzyme. What type of inhibition is this?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibition

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP

Question 16

Which equation best represents the second law of thermodynamics in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta S_{system} + \Delta S_{surroundings} \u003e 0$$

Question 17

Which process is used by cells to export large molecules such as proteins or polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups

Question 19

A scientist observes that a cell is using energy to move sodium ions from a low concentration to a high concentration. Which process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded throughout

The Working Cell: Membrane Structure, Energy, and Enzyme Function

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