Question 1

Which thermoregulatory strategy is demonstrated by elephants spraying water on themselves, as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Evaporative cooling

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a way that animals gain or lose heat?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 3

A marine fish living in seawater is an example of which osmoregulatory strategy?

Accepted Answer

Osmoconformer

Question 4

Which equation best represents the formation of metabolic water during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 5

Which form of nitrogenous waste is most energetically expensive to produce but conserves the most water?

Accepted Answer

Uric acid

Question 6

Which process in the nephron is responsible for the movement of substances from the blood into the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Question 7

Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

Counter-current heat exchange is most important for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining core temperature in extremities

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of an osmoconformer?

Accepted Answer

An organism whose internal solute concentration matches its environment

Question 10

Which urinary system process is responsible for returning useful substances from the filtrate back to the blood?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption

Question 11

Which of the following adaptations helps desert animals conserve water?

Accepted Answer

Producing highly concentrated urine

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a main function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose

Question 13

A patient with kidney failure undergoes dialysis. What is the primary function of dialysis?

Accepted Answer

To remove wastes and excess solutes from the blood

Question 14

Which of the following is a common composition of kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Calcium oxalate

Question 15

Which process in the nephron involves the active transport of substances from the blood into the tubule?

Accepted Answer

Secretion

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely increase urine output?

Accepted Answer

Taking a diuretic

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of urine formation in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Filtration → Reabsorption → Secretion → Excretion

Question 18

Which of the following animals is most likely to excrete ammonia as its primary nitrogenous waste?

Accepted Answer

Freshwater fish

Question 19

Which hormone is released by the adrenal gland and increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

It promotes excretion of sodium and lowers blood pressure

Thermoregulation, Osmoregulation, and Excretion in Animals

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