Question 1

Which property of water is primarily responsible for its ability to transport nutrients and waste in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 2

A scientist observes that water beads up on a waxy leaf surface. Which property of water explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Question 3

Which element is essential for the formation of nucleic acids and certain lipids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 4

During dehydration synthesis, which molecule is typically released as a byproduct when two monomers are joined?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 6

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the active site of an enzyme. Which level of protein structure is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 7

Which of the following statements correctly compares DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 8

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for encoding genetic information in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 9

A carbohydrate polymer is found to be highly branched. Which biological molecule is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a lattice structure that is less dense than liquid water.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of nitrogen in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Building proteins and nucleic acids

Question 13

A DNA strand has the sequence 5'-ATCG-3'. What is the complementary sequence on the opposite strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGC-5'

Question 14

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the directionality of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids have a 5' phosphate end and a 3' hydroxyl end.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of hydrogen bonding between water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension

Question 17

Which macromolecule is formed by joining monosaccharides through glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 18

A protein loses its function after exposure to high heat. Which structural level is most likely disrupted first?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the backbone of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Unit 1 & 2: Chemistry of Life – Structure, Properties, and Functions of Biological Molecules

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