Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template.

Question 2

A mutation changes the codon $$\mathrm{UAC} ($$which codes for tyrosine) to $$\mathrm{UAA} in an $$mRNA sequence. What type of mutation is this, and what is its likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation; translation will stop prematurely.

Question 3

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the difference between a somatic cell and a gamete?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid and make up most of the body, while gametes are haploid and involved in reproduction.

Question 5

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo apoptosis or remain in G0 phase.

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in diploid cells, while meiosis results in haploid cells.

Question 7

A woman is a carrier for a recessive genetic disorder. If her partner is also a carrier, what is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder? Use a Punnett Square to solve.

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes fail to separate, resulting in gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.

Question 9

Which of the following inheritance patterns results in a heterozygote expressing both alleles equally, such as in human blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 10

A cell with a diploid number of 8 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of tumor suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

They repair DNA mutations and prevent uncontrolled cell division.

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between genotype probability and trait inheritance in a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

$$P(aa) = \frac{1}{4}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a major advantage of direct-to-consumer genetic testing compared to conventional genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

It allows individuals to access genetic information without a healthcare provider.

Question 14

During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated based on which property?

Accepted Answer

Their size and charge

Question 15

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 16

A patient inherits a mutation in a proto-oncogene. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may begin to divide uncontrollably, increasing cancer risk.

Question 17

Which process increases genetic diversity during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a malignant tumor?

Accepted Answer

A mass of cells that invades surrounding tissues and can spread to other parts of the body.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is correct?

Accepted Answer

PCR amplifies specific DNA sequences for analysis.

Question 20

A child inherits one allele for brown eyes (B) and one for blue eyes (b). If brown is dominant, what is the child's phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Brown eyes

Unit 2: DNA & Inheritance – Study Guide

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드