Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells have their DNA in the nucleoid region.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell under a light microscope and notes the presence of ribosomes but no internal membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following structures can be visualized using a standard light microscope?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell follows which correct pathway?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → vesicle → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane

Question 5

Integral membrane proteins are described as amphipathic because:

Accepted Answer

They contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst because water moves into the cell toward higher solute concentration.

Question 7

Which process best describes the uptake of specific molecules into a cell via binding to surface receptors and vesicle formation?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 8

Which statement about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy ($$E_a) $$required for a reaction.

Question 9

A metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose from smaller molecules is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Anabolic

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why adding more enzyme increases the rate of a reaction, up to a point?

Accepted Answer

More enzyme provides more active sites for substrate binding, increasing reaction rate until substrate becomes limiting.

Question 11

During cellular respiration, which stage produces the most ATP, and by what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation, by chemiosmosis

Question 12

Which of the following is a net product of glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 NADH

Question 13

Where does the Calvin cycle occur within a plant cell?

Accepted Answer

Stroma of the chloroplast

Question 14

Which molecule supplies the energy and reducing power for the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP and NADPH

Question 15

Oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes directly from:

Accepted Answer

Splitting of water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 16

Which event occurs during the S phase of interphase in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 17

A plant cell divides by forming a cell plate. This process is most similar to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Vesicle fusion at the center of the cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and binary fission?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves spindle formation, while binary fission does not.

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to skip the G2 phase of interphase. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may enter mitosis with damaged or unreplicated DNA.

Unit 2 Study Guide: Cells, Membranes, Metabolism, & Cell Division

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