Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water can move across a plant cell membrane via osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules diffuse through the lipid bilayer due to their small size and polarity.

Question 2

A protein embedded in the plasma membrane has a region with many hydrophobic amino acids. What is the most likely function of this region?

Accepted Answer

It anchors the protein within the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between free energy change ($$\Delta G$$), enthalpy ($$\Delta H$$), temperature ($$T$$), and entropy ($$\Delta S) in a $$chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S$$

Question 4

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 5

Which process directly produces the most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 6

If a cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about enzyme activity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity can be altered by allosteric activators or inhibitors.

Question 8

Which of the following is a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 9

In the Calvin cycle, what is the role of the enzyme RuBisCO?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 11

Which statement best explains why fermentation is necessary in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the energy yield of aerobic versus anaerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic metabolism yields more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic metabolism.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and produces NADH, FADH2, and $$CO_2.$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 15

Which of the following reactions is an example of a redox reaction in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

The reduction of NADP+ to NADPH

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain in mitochondria is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, producing water.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the effect of an allosteric inhibitor on an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

It binds to a site other than the active site and changes the enzyme's shape.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between anabolic and catabolic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic metabolism requires energy input to build molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy of a proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and $$P_i.$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert $$CO_2$$ into glucose.

Unit II Study Guide: Membrane Transport, Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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