$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which property of water allows insects, such as water striders, to walk on the surface of a pond without sinking?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

Question 2

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice keep water molecules farther apart, making ice less dense

Question 4

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group $$(-COOH)$$

Question 5

A biologist adds a buffer to a solution. What is the primary function of the buffer in this context?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a relatively constant pH despite addition of acids or bases

Question 6

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing water; hydrolysis breaks polymers by adding water

Question 7

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 8

A molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$ is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Question 10

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure due to high temperature. What is this process called, and what is the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein will lose its function

Question 11

Which of the following statements correctly compares animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Both have mitochondria, but only plant cells have chloroplasts

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 13

Which property of water is most important for maintaining a stable temperature in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose, both with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of their cell membranes. Which macromolecule is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Lipids, specifically phospholipids

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why carbon is considered versatile in forming biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

It can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms

Question 18

A scientist observes that a certain molecule is insoluble in water and consists mainly of hydrocarbon chains. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. This cell is most likely from:

Accepted Answer

A plant

Water, Carbon, Macromolecules, and Cell Structure: Study Guide

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