Question 1

Which of the following statements best summarizes the contributions of Robert Hooke to cell biology?

Accepted Answer

He coined the term 'cell' after observing compartments in cork using a microscope.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main strands that converged to form modern cell biology?

Accepted Answer

Physiology

Question 3

A scientist wants to separate cellular organelles based on their size and density. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Subcellular fractionation using centrifugation

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the resolving power of a microscope?

Accepted Answer

The ability to distinguish two points as separate entities

Question 5

Which historical event provided the first experimental evidence that biological molecules could be synthesized outside of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Wöhler’s synthesis of urea in 1828

Question 6

A researcher is using a microscope that allows them to view the surface of a cell in great detail by scanning it with electrons. Which type of microscopy are they using?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Question 7

Which of the following units would be most appropriate for measuring the diameter of a ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Nanometer ($$1 \ 	ext{nm})$$

Question 8

Which scientist is credited with the idea that all cells arise only from preexisting cells?

Accepted Answer

Rudolf Virchow

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology as proposed by Francis Crick?

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated, transcribed into RNA, and then translated into protein.

Question 10

A scientist is using electrophoresis to analyze a mixture of proteins. What property primarily determines how far each protein migrates through the gel?

Accepted Answer

The protein’s size and charge

Question 11

Which of the following statements about model organisms is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They are always genetically identical to humans.

Question 12

Which microscopy technique would be most appropriate for visualizing the location of specific proteins within a living cell using fluorescent dyes?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence microscopy

Question 13

A scientist wants to separate a mixture of molecules based on their chemical affinity. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Chromatography

Question 14

Which of the following discoveries directly supported the chromosome theory of heredity?

Accepted Answer

The observation of chromosomes in the cell nucleus by Walther Flemming

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why electron microscopes have higher resolving power than light microscopes?

Accepted Answer

Electrons have a shorter wavelength than visible light.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world application of subcellular fractionation?

Accepted Answer

Separating mitochondria from liver cells to study their role in metabolism

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the scientific method is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves making observations, forming hypotheses, and testing predictions.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main advantage of confocal microscopy over traditional brightfield microscopy?

Accepted Answer

It produces sharper images by focusing on a thin plane within the specimen.

Question 19

A researcher is interested in analyzing the entire set of proteins expressed in a cell under certain conditions. Which field of study does this research belong to?

Accepted Answer

Proteomics

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of magnitude for the size of a typical animal cell, a ribosome, and a DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Animal cell: $$20 \ \mu m$$, Ribosome: $$25 \ nm$$, DNA double helix: $$2 \ nm$$

A Preview of Cell Biology: Foundations, Microscopy, and the Three Strands of Modern Cell Biology

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