Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

Question 3

Which feature is unique to eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Linear DNA associated with histones

Question 4

A scientist is studying a cell that has a single circular DNA molecule, no membrane-bound organelles, and divides by binary fission. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area to volume ratio for efficient exchange of materials.

Question 6

Which of the following is a solution to the problem of slow diffusion rates in large eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic streaming

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of most cellular ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

A mutation prevents the formation of the S-layer in an archaeal cell. Which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall structure and protection

Question 9

Which of the following is evidence supporting the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both contain circular DNA similar to bacteria.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packages and processes secretory proteins

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole that maintains turgor pressure. This cell is most likely from:

Accepted Answer

A plant

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement

Question 13

Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of large and small subunits.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the composition of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A lipid bilayer with amphipathic molecules and embedded proteins

Question 15

A scientist discovers a new organism that thrives in extremely salty environments and lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall. To which group does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of compartmentalization increasing reaction rates in cells?

Accepted Answer

The presence of mitochondria for aerobic respiration

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why microvilli are present on intestinal mucosal cells?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for absorption

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP

Question 19

Which of the following infectious agents is composed solely of protein and can cause neurodegenerative diseases?

Accepted Answer

Prion

Question 20

A mutation in a plant cell prevents the formation of plasmodesmata. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Intercellular communication

Introduction to Cell Biology: Cells, Organelles, and Fundamental Concepts

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