Question 1

For the reaction $$aA + bB \rightleftharpoons cC + dD$$, the reaction quotient $$Q is $$calculated using the formula:

$$Q = \frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b}

If$$ $$Q \u003c K$$, what will happen to the reaction mixture?

Accepted Answer

The reaction will shift to the right, forming more products.

Question 2

Consider the industrial reduction of nickel(II) oxide:

$$\mathrm{NiO}(s) + \mathrm{CO}(g) ightleftharpoons \mathrm{Ni}(s) + \mathrm{CO}_2(g)

At 1600 K$$, $$K_p = 6.0 	imes 10^2$. If P$$_{CO} = 0.197$$ atm and P$$_{$$CO_2$$} = 0.803$$ atm, will NiO be reduced to Ni metal?

Accepted Answer

Yes, because $$Q \u003c K_p$$ and the reaction will shift right.

Question 3

Le Châtelier’s Principle states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will shift its equilibrium position to counteract the disturbance. Which of the following changes will shift the equilibrium of the reaction $$N_2(g) + 3H_2(g$$) \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)$$ to the right (toward more ammonia)?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the pressure

Question 4

For the reaction $$N_2O_4(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NO_2(g)$$ with $$\Delta H^\circ = +58 kJ$$, what will happen if the temperature is increased?

Accepted Answer

The equilibrium will shift to the right, favoring $$NO_2.$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the effect of a catalyst on a chemical equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A catalyst speeds up the rate at which equilibrium is achieved but does not change the equilibrium concentrations.

Question 6

Which of the following is an Arrhenius base?

Accepted Answer

NaOH

Question 7

According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, which of the following is a base in the reaction $$HCl + H_2O \rightarrow Cl^- + H_3O^+$$?

Accepted Answer

H_2O

Question 8

Which of the following is a Lewis acid?

Accepted Answer

$$BF_3$$

Question 9

When sodium oxide ($$Na_2O) is $$dissolved in water, it forms $$NaOH. $$Based on this, $$Na_2O is$$:

Accepted Answer

An Arrhenius base

Question 10

Which of the following statements about acids in food is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids are responsible for the sour taste in foods like citrus fruits and yogurt.

Question 11

Consider the reaction $$CO(g) + 2H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons CH_3OH(g). If $$the pressure is increased by reducing the volume, what will happen to the equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

It will shift to the right, forming more products.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an amphiprotic substance?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2O$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why increasing temperature shifts the equilibrium of an endothermic reaction to the right?

Accepted Answer

Because heat acts as a reactant and increasing temperature adds more reactant.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct Lewis acid-base pair for the reaction $$FeBr_3(s) + Br^-(aq$$) \rightleftharpoons $$FeBr_4^-(aq$$)$$?

Accepted Answer

$$FeBr_3 is $$the Lewis acid and $$Br^- is $$the Lewis base.

Question 15

Which of the following changes will NOT affect the equilibrium position of the reaction $$N_2O_4(g) \rightleftharpoons 2NO_2(g)$$?

Accepted Answer

Adding $$N_2$$ gas

Question 16

Which of the following acids is responsible for the sour taste in yogurt?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing temperature on the percent of $$NH_3$$ produced in the Haber process?

Accepted Answer

Percent $$NH_3$$ decreases with increasing temperature.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the effect of pressure on the Haber process ($$N_2 + 3H_2$$ \rightleftharpoons 2NH_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

Increasing pressure increases the percent of $$NH_3$$ produced.

Question 19

Which of the following is a Lewis acid in the reaction $$Zn^{2+} + 4NH_3$$ \rightleftharpoons [Zn($$NH_3)_4$$]^{2+}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$Zn^{2+}$$

Chemical Equilibrium and Acid-Base Concepts: Study Notes

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