Commercial aqueous nitric acid has a density of 1.42 g/mL and is 16 M. Calculate the percent HNO₃ by mass in the solution.

검증된 단계별 안내

Determine the molar mass of HNO_3 by adding the atomic masses of hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O).

Use the molarity (16 M) to find the number of moles of HNO_3 in 1 liter of solution.

Convert the moles of HNO_3 to grams using the molar mass calculated in step 1.

Calculate the mass of 1 liter of the solution using its density (1.42 g/mL).

Find the percent by mass of HNO_3 by dividing the mass of HNO_3 by the total mass of the solution and multiplying by 100.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Molarity (M)

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. In this case, a 16 M nitric acid solution means there are 16 moles of HNO3 in every liter of the solution. Understanding molarity is crucial for converting between moles and mass, which is necessary for calculating percent by mass.

Density

Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume, typically expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL). The density of the nitric acid solution is given as 1.42 g/mL, which allows us to determine the mass of the solution when we know its volume. This relationship is essential for calculating the total mass of the solution needed to find the percent by mass of HNO3.

Percent by Mass

Percent by mass is a way to express the concentration of a component in a mixture, calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100. To find the percent by mass of HNO3 in the solution, we need to determine the mass of HNO3 present and the total mass of the solution, which involves using both molarity and density.

Commercial aqueous nitric acid has a density of 1.42 g/mL and is 16 M. Calculate the percent HNO3 by mass in the solution.