Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

In binary fission, which of the following statements is TRUE regarding chromosome segregation?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes attach to the plasma membrane and are pulled apart as the cell elongates

Question 4

What protein complex keeps sister chromatids together after DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Cohesin

Question 5

A diploid cell with $$2n = 6$$ chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes and DNA molecules are present in the cell during metaphase?

Accepted Answer

6 chromosomes and 12 DNA molecules

Question 6

Which cytoskeletal fiber is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 7

During meiosis I, what is the main event that occurs in prophase I?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair and undergo recombination

Question 8

Which stage of meiosis I is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 9

In the Holliday model of homologous recombination, which step occurs immediately after strand invasion?

Accepted Answer

Branch migration

Question 10

Which mode of homologous recombination results in the formation of two Holliday junctions?

Accepted Answer

Double-strand break model

Question 11

A cell with $$2n = 4$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis I. How many chromosomes and DNA molecules are present in each daughter cell immediately after telophase I?

Accepted Answer

2 chromosomes and 4 DNA molecules

Question 12

Which checkpoint in the eukaryotic cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before proceeding to anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Spindle assembly checkpoint

Question 13

What is the outcome of meiosis II in terms of chromosome number and ploidy?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells

Question 14

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 15

During mitosis, where does the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells; meiosis produces four haploid cells

Question 17

Which complex of proteins mediates DNA recombination during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Synaptonemal complex

Question 18

If a cell starts with $$2n = 8$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes and DNA molecules will be present in each gamete after meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

4 chromosomes and 4 DNA molecules

Question 19

Which event during meiosis increases genetic diversity in gametes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 20

During which stage of meiosis II do sister chromatids separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase II

Cell Division and Chromosomal Distribution: Study Notes for Genetics

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