$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for relieving the supercoiling tension ahead of the replication fork during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 2

During DNA replication, which strand is synthesized continuously in the same direction as the replication fork movement?

Accepted Answer

Leading strand

Question 3

Which of the following statements about Okazaki fragments is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the direction in which DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3'

Question 5

A mutation in the gene encoding DNA ligase would most likely result in which of the following problems during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Failure to join Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of single-stranded binding proteins during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Preventing reannealing of separated DNA strands

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Meselson-Stahl experiment?

Accepted Answer

It provided evidence for the semi-conservative model of DNA replication.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of primase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes short RNA primers needed for DNA polymerase to start synthesis.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA is usually single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents Chargaff’s rule for base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A = T$$ and $$G = C$$

Question 11

A patient’s cells are found to have abnormally short telomeres and reduced telomerase activity. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells will stop dividing after a certain number of divisions

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for DNA polymerase activity?

Accepted Answer

A supply of ribonucleotides

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the promoter region in a gene?

Accepted Answer

It signals where transcription should begin.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about transcription in eukaryotes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Transcription requires general transcription factors to initiate RNA synthesis.

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of a malfunction in DNA polymerase proofreading activity?

Accepted Answer

Increased mutation rate

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a purine base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) affecting human phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Lactose tolerance

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It covalently joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Foundations of Genetics: From Classical Principles to Molecular Mechanisms

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