Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces diploid cells, while meiosis produces haploid cells.

Question 2

A cell with a diploid number of $$2n = 8$$ undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 3

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 4

A scientist observes a chromosome with the centromere located near the end, resulting in one very short arm and one very long arm. What is the term for this chromosome shape?

Accepted Answer

Acrocentric

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the role of genetic checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the cell from entering mitosis until DNA is fully replicated and undamaged.

Question 6

In Mendel’s dihybrid cross between plants with yellow round seeds (YYRR) and green wrinkled seeds (yyrr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F$$_2$$ generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 7

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 8

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces all pink-flowered offspring.

Question 9

A test-cross is performed to determine the genotype of a pea plant with a dominant phenotype. Which of the following best describes the test-cross?

Accepted Answer

Crossing the plant with a homozygous recessive plant.

Question 10

If a genetic trait is determined by multiple alleles, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

There are more than two possible alleles in the population, but each individual has only two alleles.

Question 11

A couple has three children. What is the probability that exactly two of them are boys? Use the binomial theorem where $$p = 0.5$$ for a boy and $$q = 0.5$$ for a girl.

Accepted Answer

$$0.375$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expressing both A and B antigens.

Question 13

A geneticist is analyzing a pedigree for a rare disease. The disease appears in every generation and affected individuals have at least one affected parent. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Bombay phenotype in the context of ABO blood groups?

Accepted Answer

It results from the absence of the H antigen, so individuals appear as type O regardless of their genotype at the ABO locus.

Question 15

A population of mice has a gene with two alleles: $$A ($$dominant) and $$a ($$recessive). If two heterozygous mice ($$Aa) $$are crossed, what is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (AA$$:Aa:aa)

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding dominant lethal alleles?

Accepted Answer

They can persist in a population if they cause death after reproductive age.

Question 17

During spermatogenesis, how many functional sperm are produced from one primary spermatocyte?

Accepted Answer

Four

Question 18

A researcher performs a chi-square test on the results of a genetic cross and obtains a $$\$$chi^2$$ value that is less than the critical value at p = 0.05$. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis cannot be rejected; the data fit the expected ratio.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the forked-line (branch) diagram method in genetics?

Accepted Answer

It is a graphical method to predict the outcome of crosses involving multiple genes.

Question 20

Which of the following events occurs during prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs.

Study Guide: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Mendelian Genetics

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