$$pH = pKa + \log \frac{[\text{conjugate base}]}{[\text{acid}]}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

Accepted Answer

A substance that donates a proton (H+) to another molecule.

Question 2

What is the conjugate base of HCO3$$^- ($$bicarbonate)?

Accepted Answer

CO3$$^{2-}$$

Question 3

Calculate the pH of a solution with [H$$^+$$] = $$1 	imes 10$$^{-6}$$ M.

Accepted Answer

6

Question 4

If the pH of a solution is 3, what is the pOH at 25°C?

Accepted Answer

11

Question 5

Which of the following acids is the strongest based on pKa values?

Accepted Answer

Nitrous Acid (HNO2), pKa = 3.33

Question 6

A buffer solution is prepared with acetic acid (pKa = 4.74) and sodium acetate. If the pH is 5.74, what is the ratio of acetate to acetic acid?

Accepted Answer

10:1

Question 7

Which of the following reactions is a neutralization reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{HCl} (aq) + \mathrm{NaOH} (aq) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl} (aq) + \mathrm{H_2O} (l)$$

Question 8

What happens to the pH of blood buffered by the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system (pKa = 6.4, pH = 7.4) when acid (H$$^+) is $$added?

Accepted Answer

pH decreases slightly

Question 9

Which organ is primarily responsible for excreting excess H$$^+$$ and reabsorbing HCO3$$^- to $$maintain acid-base balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Question 10

A patient is hyperventilating. What acid-base disturbance is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a buffer?

Accepted Answer

A mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base that resists changes in pH

Question 12

If the pKa of a functional group in a protein is 5.5, what is its protonation state at pH 7.4?

Accepted Answer

Mostly deprotonated

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = pKa + \log \frac{[	ext{conjugate base}]}{[	ext{acid}]}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a polyprotic acid?

Accepted Answer

H2CO3

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of decreased respiratory rate (hypoventilation) on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Question 16

Which of the following is true about strong acids?

Accepted Answer

They dissociate completely in water

Question 17

What is the pH of a 0.001 M solution of HBr (a strong acid)?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 18

Which of the following is a major buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate

Question 19

A patient has increased metabolic acids due to excessive exercise. What acid-base disturbance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Acids, Bases, and Buffers in Biological Systems: GOB Chemistry Study Guide

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