Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament mechanism in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere and causing muscle contraction.

Question 2

A patient is unable to generate enough body heat and is diagnosed with a disorder affecting the system responsible for most heat production. Which system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Muscular system

Question 3

During muscle contraction, which event occurs immediately after the action potential reaches the muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions change muscle length, while isometric contractions do not change muscle length.

Question 5

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities and plays a key role in breathing?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 6

During inhalation, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs relative to atmospheric pressure?

Accepted Answer

Lung pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure, causing air to flow in.

Question 7

Which of the following correctly describes the path of oxygen-rich blood through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 8

Which structure in the respiratory system is primarily responsible for warming, humidifying, and filtering incoming air?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Question 9

A person with a mutation in the gene coding for the enzyme lactase experiences discomfort after consuming dairy. Which digestive structure is primarily responsible for producing this enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the importance of a large surface area in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

It increases nutrient absorption by maximizing contact with digested food.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Question 12

A person has a genotype of $$Aa$$ for a particular gene. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The person is heterozygous for that gene.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each gene, which separate during gamete formation.

Question 14

A child inherits blood type $$AB$$ from parents with blood types $$A$$ and $$B. $$Which inheritance pattern does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color

Question 16

If a genetic disorder is caused by a recessive allele, why might it still be prevalent in a population?

Accepted Answer

Carriers (heterozygotes) do not express the disorder but can pass the allele to offspring.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate, resulting in gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.

Question 18

A woman with genotype $$X^N X^n ($$where $$N is $$normal vision and $$n is $$color blindness) marries a man with genotype $$X^n Y. $$What is the probability that their son will be color blind?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains how environmental factors can influence phenotypic expression?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors can affect gene expression, leading to different phenotypes from the same genotype.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of a Punnett Square?

Accepted Answer

It predicts the probability of offspring genotypes based on parental alleles.

Human Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive Systems & Genetics

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