Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and more effective than the primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells formed during the primary response quickly recognize and respond to the antigen.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about active immunization is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It creates memory cells that provide long-term immunity.

Question 3

A child receives a vaccine made from a weakened form of a virus. What is the primary purpose of this vaccine?

Accepted Answer

To stimulate the production of memory B and T cells.

Question 4

Which of the following is a limitation of traditional vaccines made from dead or weakened pathogens?

Accepted Answer

They may have a slight potential to cause disease.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between antibody concentration ($$A) $$and time ($$t) $$during the primary immune response, as shown in the first graph?

Accepted Answer

$$A = A_{max} e$$^{-kt}$$ after reaching peak$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes how mRNA vaccines work?

Accepted Answer

They provide the genetic instructions for cells to produce a viral protein, which triggers an immune response.

Question 7

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive immunization

Question 8

Why does passive immunization not provide long-term immunity?

Accepted Answer

It does not activate B-cells to form memory cells.

Question 9

Which historical event marked the first successful use of a vaccine for disease prevention?

Accepted Answer

Edward Jenner's use of cowpox to prevent smallpox

Question 10

A patient is exposed to hepatitis B and receives a gamma globulin shot containing IgG antibodies. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity

Question 11

Which of the following is a reason why mRNA vaccines are considered safer than traditional vaccines?

Accepted Answer

They do not contain any part of the actual virus, only genetic instructions.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why booster shots are sometimes necessary after vaccination?

Accepted Answer

To stimulate memory cells and maintain long-term immunity.

Question 13

A person receives a vaccine and later is exposed to the same pathogen. Which immune response is responsible for the rapid increase in antibody concentration?

Accepted Answer

Secondary immune response

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of traditional vaccines?

Accepted Answer

They provide immunity to multiple pathogens at once.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in immunity?

Accepted Answer

They enable a faster and stronger immune response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios is an example of passive immunity acquired naturally?

Accepted Answer

A newborn receives antibodies through the placenta.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why smallpox was eradicated worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Widespread vaccination led to immunity in the population.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between active and passive immunization?

Accepted Answer

Active immunization leads to the formation of memory cells, while passive immunization does not.

Question 19

A patient receives a vaccine for influenza and later is exposed to the flu virus. Which process allows the immune system to respond more rapidly during this second exposure?

Accepted Answer

Activation of memory B and T cells

Question 20

Which of the following best describes why passive immunization is used in cases of anticipated or existing infections?

Accepted Answer

It provides immediate antibodies to fight the infection.

Immunity and Immunization: Primary & Secondary Responses, Vaccines, and Passive Immunity

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