Question 1

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but NOT in viruses?

Accepted Answer

A plasma membrane

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a rare genetic disorder that prevents the formation of lysosomes. Which of the following cellular processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 3

In a bacterial cell, where is the majority of the genetic material located?

Accepted Answer

The nucleoid

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for storing water and maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells, often occupying most of the cell's volume?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Question 5

Asbestos fibers, when inhaled, are phagocytized by cells but cannot be degraded. In which organelle do these fibers accumulate, leading to asbestosis?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 6

The endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria originated from which of the following events?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell

Question 7

For a protein to be classified as an integral membrane protein, it must:

Accepted Answer

Be amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region

Question 8

An animal cell lacking oligosaccharides on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cell-cell recognition

Question 9

Which type of molecule passes through a cell membrane most easily?

Accepted Answer

Small and hydrophobic

Question 10

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.

Question 11

Celery stalks become stiff when placed in fresh water but limp in a 0.15 M salt solution. What does this indicate about the tonicity of the solutions relative to the celery cells?

Accepted Answer

Fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells

Question 12

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 13

When a neuron responds to a neurotransmitter by opening gated ion channels, the neurotransmitter is acting as which part of the signal pathway?

Accepted Answer

Signal molecule

Question 14

Direct communication between the extracellular matrix and developing cells, leading to gene expression changes, most likely involves which type of transmembrane protein?

Accepted Answer

Integrins (integral proteins)

Question 15

A drug that inhibits the response of cells to testosterone would most likely result in:

Accepted Answer

A decrease in transcriptional activity of certain genes

Question 16

Lipid-soluble signaling molecules like testosterone affect only target cells because:

Accepted Answer

Intracellular receptors are present only in target cells

Question 17

Metaphase in mitosis is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Aligning of chromosomes on the equator

Question 18

FtsZ is a bacterial cytoskeletal protein that forms a contractile ring during cytokinesis. Its function is analogous to which structure in eukaryotic animal cells?

Accepted Answer

The cleavage furrow

Question 19

You observe a cell plate forming across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side. This cell is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A plant cell in the process of cytokinesis

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Replication of the DNA

Introductory Biology Study Guide: Cell Structure, Membranes, Communication, and Cell Cycle

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