Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the backflow of blood by keeping the valve leaflets closed during ventricular contraction.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the lower legs and distended jugular veins. Which condition is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Right-sided congestive heart failure

Question 3

Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygen-poor blood away from the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery

Question 4

During a manual blood pressure measurement, the first sound heard through the stethoscope as the cuff is deflated represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The systolic pressure

Question 5

Which structure serves as the heart’s natural pacemaker by initiating the electrical impulse for each heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. Which of the following best describes the pathological change in their arteries?

Accepted Answer

The arterial lumen is narrowed by atheromatous plaque, reducing blood flow.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart and lungs, starting with deoxygenated blood returning from the body?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves, but arteries do not?

Accepted Answer

Veins carry blood under lower pressure and need valves to prevent backflow due to gravity.

Question 9

A patient is experiencing chest pain during exercise, which subsides with rest. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the pericardial fluid?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates the heart to reduce friction as it beats within the pericardial sac.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the phases of the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

Systole is the period when the heart contracts, and diastole is the resting period between contractions.

Question 12

A patient is prescribed a beta-blocker and a diuretic to manage their cardiovascular condition. Which condition are these drugs most likely treating?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulating heart rate?

Accepted Answer

It releases norepinephrine and stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete epinephrine, increasing heart rate.

Question 14

A patient’s ECG shows a continuous, rapid wave pattern with a heart rate of 150 beats per minute. Which arrhythmia does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular tachycardia

Question 15

Which of the following procedures is used to open a narrowed artery by inflating a balloon to compress atheromatous plaque?

Accepted Answer

Balloon angioplasty

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

They connect arterioles and venules, allowing exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste with tissues.

Question 17

A patient is found to have a dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

A tear in the artery wall that allows blood to tunnel between layers, separating the wall.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct LaTeX representation for the formula to calculate blood pressure (BP) as the product of cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance (PR)?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes PR$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker myocardium than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body through the systemic circulation, requiring greater force.

Question 20

A patient is scheduled for a stent placement. What is the primary purpose of a stent in cardiovascular treatment?

Accepted Answer

To keep an artery open by providing structural support after angioplasty

Cardiology and the Cardiovascular System: Medical Terminology Study Guide

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