Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response to all pathogens

Question 2

A patient receives antibodies from a donor after exposure to a toxin. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for directly killing virus-infected cells via the perforin-granzyme pathway?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cell (CD8+)

Question 4

What is the main function of regulatory T cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Suppress immune responses to prevent autoimmunity

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC class I molecules?

Accepted Answer

Present antigens to cytotoxic T cells

Question 6

A mutation prevents a person's B cells from undergoing clonal deletion. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Development of autoimmune disease

Question 7

Which antibody class is most abundant in body secretions such as saliva and breast milk?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 8

During a secondary immune response, which immunoglobulin is produced in the greatest quantity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 9

Which process allows B cells to generate millions of different antigen-binding sites?

Accepted Answer

Somatic recombination of variable region gene segments

Question 10

A patient is exposed to a pathogen for the first time. Which immune response will occur and what is its typical timeline?

Accepted Answer

Primary immune response; slow, may take days to produce enough antibodies

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of antibodies in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 12

Helper T cells are essential for which step in T-dependent antibody immunity?

Accepted Answer

Activation and proliferation of B cells

Question 13

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for signaling among leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin (IL)

Question 14

What is the main difference between endogenous and exogenous antigen processing?

Accepted Answer

Endogenous antigens are processed in the endoplasmic reticulum; exogenous antigens are processed in vesicles

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why passive immunity is effective more quickly than active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity involves the direct transfer of antibodies, providing immediate protection

Question 16

A patient with a genetic defect in MHC class II molecules would have impaired activation of which cell type?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4+)

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of artificially acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving a vaccine for measles

Question 18

Which pathway is used by cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in target cells?

Accepted Answer

Perforin-granzyme pathway

Question 19

Which of the following statements about memory cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They persist in lymphoid tissue and respond rapidly upon re-exposure to the same antigen

Question 20

A patient is exposed to a bacterial toxin and develops immunity after recovery. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Adaptive Immunity: Overview and Key Elements (Chapter 16 Study Notes)

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