Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes adaptive immunity from innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity involves immunological memory and highly specific responses.

Question 2

Which cell type matures in the thymus and is primarily responsible for cell-mediated immune responses?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 3

What is the main function of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

To hold and present antigenic epitopes to immune cells

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pairing of MHC class and cell type?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I – on all cells except red blood cells

Question 5

A patient receives a tissue graft. Which molecules are most important in determining compatibility and risk of rejection?

Accepted Answer

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc cells)?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill infected or abnormal cells.

Question 7

During clonal deletion of T cells, what happens to cells that recognize autoantigens?

Accepted Answer

They undergo apoptosis.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Direct phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 9

Which class of antibody is most abundant and has the longest half-life in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 10

A child is exposed to a virus and develops immunity after recovering. What type of acquired immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 11

Which process is responsible for generating the diversity of B cell receptors (BCRs)?

Accepted Answer

RAG enzyme-mediated recombination of variable region gene segments

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why memory B cells are important for secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

They persist in lymphoid tissue and rapidly initiate antibody production upon re-exposure to the antigen.

Question 13

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for signaling among leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin

Question 14

A patient receives an injection of antibodies after exposure to rabies. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of exogenous antigens?

Accepted Answer

They include toxins and components of microbial cell walls, membranes, flagella, and pili.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T lymphocytes (Th cells) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They help regulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

Question 17

Which pathway is used by cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in target cells?

Accepted Answer

Perforin-granzyme pathway

Question 18

Why is passive immunity effective more quickly than active immunity?

Accepted Answer

It provides pre-formed antibodies that can act immediately.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and more robust due to memory cells.

Question 20

Which antibody class is most associated with mucosal immunity and body secretions?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Adaptive Immunity: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

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