Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation is a positively charged ion, while an anion is negatively charged.

Question 2

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and contains more H$$^+$$ ions than OH$$^-$$ ions.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of a buffer in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

A buffer maintains pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 5

A molecule that contains both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions is called:

Accepted Answer

An amphipathic molecule

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.

Question 7

During dehydration synthesis, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A molecule of water is removed to join two monomers.

Question 8

Which of the following is the basic unit (monomer) of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose that serves as an energy storage molecule in animals.

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 11

A scientist is studying a bacterial capsule. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding its structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The capsule is composed mainly of polysaccharides and helps bacteria evade the immune system.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that breaks down a molecule using water.

Question 14

Which of the following organic molecules can have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 15

A triglyceride is composed of which two component parts?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are repelled by water and do not dissolve easily.

Question 18

Which of the following is the basic unit (monomer) of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of valence shell electrons?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for the chemical reactivity and bonding of an atom.

Question 20

A patient is given a solution with a pH of 9. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is basic and contains more OH$$^-$$ ions than H$$^+$$ ions.

Biochemistry Basics for Microbiology: Step-by-Step Study Guide

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