Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation has lost electrons and has a positive charge, while an anion has gained electrons and has a negative charge.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules have polar covalent bonds, allowing them to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.

Question 3

A solution is made by dissolving 5 grams of NaCl in 500 mL of water. What is the weight-volume proportion of this solution in mg/mL?

Accepted Answer

$$10\ \mathrm{mg/mL}$$

Question 4

Which of the following functional groups is characteristic of amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$\mathrm{R-NH_2$})$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that removes water to form a covalent bond between monomers.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

A patient’s blood pH is measured at 7.25. Which condition does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 8

Which of the following bonds is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that contains both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases more energy than is spent to start the reaction.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are a major component of cell membranes and are amphipathic.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP serves as a primary energy source by releasing energy when phosphates are cleaved.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy and structural support.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It arises when two or more polypeptide chains combine to form a functional protein.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They lack double bonds, allowing the fatty acid chains to pack tightly together.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for life and is due to hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds, leading to high cohesion and surface tension.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 19

A scientist is studying a molecule that contains both a hydrophilic phosphate group and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. This molecule is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid

Biochemistry Basics for Microbiology: Structure and Function of Biomolecules

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