Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a universal characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 2

Which structural feature is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

Pharmaceutical companies often target which prokaryotic cell structure to develop antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 4

Which bacterial structure helps a bacterium survive in a dry environment?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 5

What is the primary function of a flagellum in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Motility

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of a bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and protection

Question 7

The cell membrane is primarily responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

What is the main function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 10

Why do prokaryotes exhibit greater diversity than eukaryotes on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes can survive in a wider range of environments

Question 11

A patient is prescribed an antibiotic that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis. Which cell structure is being targeted?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 12

Which equation best represents the process of cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

Question 14

A scientist discovers a cell with no nucleus, a cell wall, and circular DNA. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Protection against desiccation and immune evasion

Question 16

Which structure is targeted by penicillin in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are often called the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through cellular respiration

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support

Question 19

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They contain a nucleus

Question 20

Which of the following is a reason for the high diversity of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

They can exchange genetic material through horizontal gene transfer

Cell Structure and Function: Chapter 3 Review Study Notes

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