Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells, and all cells arise from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Which of the following is a unique feature of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lack of internal membrane-bound organelles

Question 3

A bacterium is observed to have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, and retains the crystal violet dye after Gram staining. Which type of cell wall does it possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 4

Which structure allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and is important in the formation of biofilms?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 5

A scientist discovers a cell with the following characteristics: a single circular chromosome, 70S ribosomes, and no membrane-bound organelles. Which domain does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis are generally safe for humans?

Accepted Answer

Human cells lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Prevents recognition and destruction by host immune cells

Question 8

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of endospores in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to survive extreme environmental conditions.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

Flagella rotate 360º, allowing for runs and tumbles.

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes group translocation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A process where a substance is chemically modified during transport into the cell

Question 13

Which of the following structures is found in both mitochondria and chloroplasts, supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Circular DNA and 70S ribosomes

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis. The causative agent is an acid-fast bacterium. Which unique cell wall component is responsible for its acid-fastness?

Accepted Answer

Mycolic acid

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why Lipid A is clinically significant in infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It functions as an endotoxin that can trigger fever and shock when released.

Question 17

Which of the following processes requires ATP for the transport of substances across the cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a prokaryotic cell shape and its description?

Accepted Answer

Vibrio – curved rod

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi body in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Processing and packaging molecules for export

Question 20

Which of the following statements about bacterial ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are the target of some antibacterial drugs.

Cell Structure and Function: Foundations of Microbial Life

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