Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why Pete’s E. coli infection led to a systemic inflammatory response after he stopped taking his antibiotics early?

Accepted Answer

The release of lipid A from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative E. coli triggered fever, vasodilation, and shock.

Question 2

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for the motility of bacteria such as E. coli, allowing them to move from the urethra to the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall composed of chitin. Which type of organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the main difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing LPS.

Question 5

Which process allows water to move across a bacterial cytoplasmic membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 6

A bacterium is found to survive extreme heat, radiation, and chemicals. Which structure is most likely responsible for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial glycocalyx capsule?

Accepted Answer

Prevents recognition by host immune cells

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of fimbriae in bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces and each other, aiding in biofilm formation.

Question 9

Which of the following transport processes requires energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living cells (bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes)?

Accepted Answer

Lack of cellular structure

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They lack cellular structure and cannot carry out metabolism independently.

Question 13

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

A patient is infected with a bacterium that lacks a cell wall. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The bacterium may be mistaken for a virus due to its small size and lack of cell wall.

Question 15

Which of the following is a unique feature of archaeal cell walls compared to bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

They lack peptidoglycan and contain specialized polysaccharides and proteins.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi body in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It processes and packages molecules for export from the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and assisting in cell division

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria may be more difficult to treat with antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria can impede the entry of antibiotics.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is chemically modified as it is transported into the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following structures is responsible for the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Cell Structure and Function: Chapter 3

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