Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and internal organelles, while eukaryotic cells possess both.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and stains purple with Gram stain. Which structure is most likely absent from this cell?

Accepted Answer

Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Protection from desiccation and immune recognition

Question 4

A scientist observes a bacterium with multiple flagella located at both ends of the cell. What is the correct term for this flagellar arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Amphitrichous

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Their outer membrane acts as a barrier to many antibiotics.

Question 6

Which process requires the hydrolysis of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 8

Which of the following structures is responsible for the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pili (conjugation pili)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic flagella is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They have a '9 + 2' arrangement of microtubules and move in a wave-like motion.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Processing and packaging of proteins for export

Question 11

A mutation disrupts the formation of the tetrapeptide cross-bridges in bacterial cell walls. Which molecule is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient using ATP.

Question 13

Which of the following organelles contains its own DNA and 70S ribosomes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of microtubules in a eukaryotic cilium?

Accepted Answer

'9 + 2' arrangement

Question 15

A patient is treated with an antibiotic that inhibits 70S ribosomes. Which of the following cell types would be LEAST affected?

Accepted Answer

Human muscle cells

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids can move laterally within the layer, giving the membrane flexibility.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing shape and facilitating movement of organelles

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why animal cells are more susceptible to lysis in hypotonic solutions compared to plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells lack a cell wall to resist osmotic pressure.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the function of fimbriae in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae help bacteria adhere to surfaces and form biofilms.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of cellular waste and contaminants

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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